15 May 2019 A transfontanellar or brain ultrasound plays an important role: In the diagnosis and characterisation of brain lesions in newborns , including: bleeding, ventricular dilatation, leukomalacia and malformations; In predicting long term neurodevelopmental disorders associated with these lesions. It the method of choice in assessing high-risk newborns at risk and in most cases is the only one necessary. This is due to: The fact that it is easy and harmless; The possibility of serial exams to assess the evolution of brain lesions. How is it performed? Is it painful? Transfontanellar ultrasound is: Painless; Simple. Performed with the baby feeling calm and comfortable. For example, when sleeping on the mother's lap or even during breastfeeding. What are the limitations of transfontanellar ultrasound? Age is a limitation on transfontanellar ultrasound. After the anterior fontanelle (soft spot) has closed or if it is very small, there is no acoustic "window" for the ultrasound probe. It is rarely possible to perform this scan after one year of age. What newborns can have the scan? It is always up to the physician to decide whether a particular exam is needed, based on: The each patient’s individual characteristics; Their symptoms or disease. As a rule, transfontanellar ultrasound is indicated in newborns that: Are premature; Experienced birth asphyxia; Have convulsions; Have meningitis; With acquired infections; Have congenital infections - toxoplasmosis, rubella, herpes and cytomegalovirus; Have undergone surgery; Are on ventilation; In the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; Have congenital malformations , such as chromosomal disorders, myelomeningocele and craniofacial abnormalities. Other changes that indicate the need for a scan are: Abnormal growth (increase or decrease) of the cephalic perimeter; Twins; Intrauterine growth retardation; Low platelets; Neurological disorders; Developmental changes; Head trauma. In most cases of brain lesions it is necessary to perform serial ultrasounds to: Assess the evolution of the lesion; Relate it to clinical changes. This article was written with the support of physicians and other clinical professionals from the Hospital da Luz network. The content published in the Health Guide is intended for the general public and is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis, or personalized clinical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The content is produced or reviewed by physicians and other healthcare professionals at Hospital da Luz and is based on the knowledge available at the time of publication or the most recent update, as indicated at the beginning of each item.
