Thrombophlebitis or venous thrombosis, either superficial or deep, is an obstruction to blood flow in a vein caused by the formation of a blood clo t inside it. It is more frequent in the lower limbs. In superficial venous thrombosis , the main symptoms are pain, swelling and redness forming a cord, in places where varicose veins were previously seen; In deep vein thrombosis , the main symptoms are pain and edema of the foot and leg, up to the knee, or even up to the thigh. In both situations, the symptoms appear suddenly . A quick identification and treatment are essential to prevent the progression of venous obstruction, as this can culminate in pulmonary embolism, which is a possible cause of sudden death. Venous thrombosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection Although respiratory symptoms are the most characteristic of the disease, recent studies indicate that COVID-19 is associated with coagulation disorders , which predispose patients to an increased risk of venous thrombosis. In a study that included data from 8271 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, the rate of deep vein thrombosis was 20% and that of pulmonary embolism was 13%. In turn, the mortality rate was higher in patients who developed venous thrombosis, compared to those who did not. There are also cases reported in which venous thrombosis occurred after the remission of the symptoms of COVID-19 and even after the disease was cured. Venous thrombosis and lockdown Even in people free from SARS-CoV-2 infection, the disease may have a relationship, albeit an indirect one, with venous thrombosis, due to the tendency we may have to reduce mobility due to the lockdown . Immobility is a risk factor for the occurrence of venous thrombosis. Prevent venous thrombosis In this time of lockdown to prevent COVID-19, also follow these simple measures to prevent venous thrombosis : Avoid being in the same position, whether sitting or standing, for very long periods. Take a short break every 2 hours, walk a little or mobilize the muscles of the legs and feet, for example with circular movements of the feet; Keep a moderate temperature at home, avoid very hot places; Avoid direct exposure to heating, fireplaces or other sources of heat; Avoid garments and tight footwear, choose wide and comfortable clothing; Keep a balanced and careful diet, try not to be overweight; Practice exercise, even if this means transforming your house into an improvised gym! Learn more about the diagnosis and treatment of venous thrombosis . Source Malas MB, Naazie IN, Elsayed N, Mathlouthi A, Marmor R, Clary B. Thromboembolism risk of COVID-19 is high and associated with a higher risk of mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis . EClinicalMedicine 2020;29:100639. Author : Marina Dias Neto Meet the vascular surgery team from Hospital da Luz network. The content published in the Health Guide is intended for the general public and is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis, or personalized clinical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The content is produced or reviewed by physicians and other healthcare professionals at Hospital da Luz and is based on the knowledge available at the time of publication or the most recent update, as indicated at the beginning of each item.
