Gait is the act or way of walking, that is, it is the set of body movements repeated at each step, responsible for locomotion. It is a learned and automatic motor skill, performed without a conscious effort, but which implies the interaction and integration of different information from the musculoskeletal system , the sense organs , and the nervous system . Gait is associated with posture and balance and there are different changes in its normal pattern , for example: Speed reduction; Decrease in stride length; Decreased step height; Change of pace. With aging, changes in gait occur that are physiological , that is, normal. The posture is less upright, the gait more unstable, the speed and size of the steps can decrease. About 15% of people over 60 have gait disorders and these affect 80% of people over 80. After age 65, falls are more common and these can cause fractures or trauma, with the consequent reduction in quality of life and survival. Imbalance in walking and fear of falling are thus common complaints in more advanced age and can significantly limit autonomy and quality of life. In older ages, sensory and osteoarticular changes are also frequent, as well as neurological diseases that can aggravate the physiological aging . These diseases include, for example: Dementia; Peripheral neuropathies; Cerebellar diseases; Vestibular disorders; Parkinsonian syndromes; Stroke; Normal pressure hydrocephalus. The medical evaluation of gait disorders is essential to determine its possible relationship with neurological or osteoarticular diseases and, thus, intervene timely, for example with: Strength training; Balance training; Use of assistive devices, for example a cane, walker, among others; Modification of lifestyles; Treatment of underlying diseases that aggravate gait problems. The objective of the diagnosis and intervention in walking problems is to prevent falls , maintain mobility , increase survival and promote quality of life . Author : Ana Calado Meet the Neurology team of Hospital da Luz network. The content published in the Health Guide is intended for the general public and is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis, or personalized clinical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The content is produced or reviewed by physicians and other healthcare professionals at Hospital da Luz and is based on the knowledge available at the time of publication or the most recent update, as indicated at the beginning of each item.
