Most people have heard of varicose veins, but few understand how they are caused and their potential to become a serious medical problem - which can be treated painlessly. Varicose veins affect about 40% of the female population and 25% of the male population. What are the main factors leading to varicose veins? The main factors leading to their development are: Gender (females are most at risk); Pregnancy; Age; Family history. There are other factors that can accelerate the development of varicose veins, including: Standing for long periods; Obesity; Physical trauma; Hormonal levels. What are the symptoms of varicose veins? Patients may have one or more of the following symptoms : Pain; Cramps; Limbs feel heavy; Tiredness; Tingling sensation; Swelling. Some of these symptoms can develop into more severe complications , such as: Inflammation (phlebitis); Formation of blood clots (deep vein thrombosis); Leg ulcers; Bleeding. Varicose veins can develop without any symptoms , and their treatment can be purely cosmetic . How do varicose veins develop? Varicose veins occur when the valves in the vein are unable to close. This means the blood that should be moved in the direction of the heart can move backwards (this is called venous reflux) and accumulate in these veins. Over time this makes them increasingly dilated and twisted. What are the ways in which varicose veins can be treated? Many patients ask how varicose veins can be treated. This can be achieved in two ways: Medical treatment: Daily use of compression stockings and drugs (phlebotonics). Surgical treatment: Classic surgery - “stripping” the veins; Minimally invasive treatment - with endovenous ablation, using radiofrequency or laser. In the case of endovenous ablation , access is made through the skin with the use of ultrasound to visualise the affected vein (with reflux) and insertion of a laser fibre or a catheter with a radiofrequency electrode. This makes it possible to administer the respective energy to bring about the collapse/occlusion of the varicose vein , which is then absorbed. This procedure is usually carried out under local anaesthetic and in an outpatient setting , as it requires only a tiny incision in the skin that does not require stitches. When compared to the classical methods, endovenous ablation: Is equally safe and effective; Has fewer complications; Is associated with much less pain and bruising during recovery; Has a much more aesthetically pleasing result; Doesn't leave scars. Most people report an immediate relief of symptoms and are able to resume their daily routine and professional activities the day after the surgical procedure. Did you know that: Women are more likely to have varicose veins (40% of the female population); Varicose veins don’t always have symptoms; In the most serious cases, surgery is recommended; It is possible to resume normal activity on the day after endovenous ablation surgery. Author : Sérgio Silva Meet the Vascular Surgery team of Hospital da Luz network. The content published in the Health Guide is intended for the general public and is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis, or personalized clinical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The content is produced or reviewed by physicians and other healthcare professionals at Hospital da Luz and is based on the knowledge available at the time of publication or the most recent update, as indicated at the beginning of each item.
