Gynecological cancer is the name that encompasses all cancers affecting the female reproductive system organs: Ovaries / Fallopian tubes / Peritoneum Endometrium (uterine body) Cervix Vagina Vulva Cancers affecting these organs are not all equal, nor are their frequency, severity, causes, symptoms, and treatments. Different types of cancer can also occur in the same organ. All cancers begin when cells multiply or grow uncontrollably. Since organs are made up of different cells, the type of cancer in an organ depends on the cells that gave rise to it. Some are more common than others. When referring to cancer in an organ globally, the reference is usually to the most common type of cancer. Endometrial cancer Affects uterine body, which is the upper area, and usually the endometrium, which is the innermost layer of the uterus wall. Cervical cancer It is one of the most common gynecological cancers and is almost always caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) . Ovarian/fallopian tube/peritoneal cancer Sometimes is detected only at an advanced stage because the associated symptoms are more subtle and common to other diseases, many of which are not serious. Vaginal cancer It is not very common, and many cases are related to HPV Vulvar cancer It is also not common and is often also related to HPV Attention is important These are some signs that may be related to gynecological cancer : Vaginal bleeding outside menstruation or after menopause; Menstruation heavier than normal; Abnormal vaginal discharge; Pain during sexual intercourse; Persistent pain or a feeling of a lump in the pelvic region; Genital sores that do not heal. All these signs should motivate seek guidance from the family doctor or visit a gynecologist. Risk factors Gynecological cancers share some risk factors. Having risk factors doesn't necessarily mean you'll get cancer, but it increases your risk. Important risk factors for many gynecological cancers are, for example: HPV infection, for which vaccination and condom use play an important role in prevention; Smoking, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle, which are modifiable; Age and family history, which are not controllable but should make you more vigilant. Remember: Regular medical follow-up , with appointments, exams, vaccinations, and medications as recommended or prescribed is essential. Being alert to signs that may be related to gynecological cancer and seeking medical care to address them without waiting for them to disappear is also essential. Maintaining a balanced diet, not smoking, exercising, and protection during sexual intercourse helps reduce the risk of gynecological cancer and of many other malignant and non-malignant diseases. When treatment Is necessary For any type of gynecological cancer , the earlier it is detected, the greater the likelihood of effective treatment and cure. There are several treatment modalities available for gynecological cancer – surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, for example – and within each of these, there are numerous techniques and possibilities. The choice, even for the same type of cancer, depends on many factors. Each case is unique and needs and individual study. The content published in the Health Guide is intended for the general public and is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis, or personalized clinical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The content is produced or reviewed by physicians and other healthcare professionals at Hospital da Luz and is based on the knowledge available at the time of publication or the most recent update, as indicated at the beginning of each item.
