September 30, 2022 Acute otitis media is one of the most frequent infections of the upper airways worldwide and is responsible for a high number of hospital emergency episodes. It is much more common in children than adults , particularly between 6 and 24 months of age. It results from a middle ear infection caused by: Bacteria; Viruses; Fungi (more rarely). Symptoms of acute otitis media The most frequent symptoms of acute otitis media results from inflammation and filling of the middle ear , the most common being: Ear pain (or otalgia); Sensation of plugged ear; Deafness (or hearing loss). There may also be fluid and/or blood leaking (sero-hematic otorrhoea) through the ear. Diagnosis The diagnosis of acute otitis media is made mainly by direct observation of the ear . When fluid comes out of the ear, it may be necessary to perform an aspiration to unblock the ear canal and facilitate treatment. When the infection is resistant to therapy, it may be necessary to collect the secretion to identify the causal agent and determine the best antibiotic to treat it. Treatment of acute otitis media The treatment is based on the following: Pain and inflammation control (analgesics and/or anti-inflammatories); Treatment of upper respiratory infection; Antibiotic therapy in situations where there is bacterial infection. Complications of acute otitis media are possible, although rare . There are intracranial and extracranial complications, eg facial paralysis, mastoiditis, subperiosteal abscess and labyrinthitis. When complications are present, they deserve special attention. When to see an otolaryngologist Repeated or frequent acute otitis media , particularly in infants and young children, persistent ear discharge, and suspected complications of acute otitis media are an indication for seeking care from an otolaryngologist. This article was written by the Hospital da Luz otorhinolaryngology team. The content published in the Health Guide is intended for the general public and is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis, or personalized clinical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The content is produced or reviewed by physicians and other healthcare professionals at Hospital da Luz and is based on the knowledge available at the time of publication or the most recent update, as indicated at the beginning of each item.
