16 May 2019 The kidneys perform several functions, including eliminating the following in urine : Toxic substances; Excess water in the body. Chronic kidney failure is an irreversible condition in which the kidneys stop working properly. It causes toxic substances that can be life-threatening to accumulate in the body, including: Urea; Creatinine; Potassium; Sodium. Causes of chronic kidney failure It is often impossible to determine the exact cause of chronic kidney failure. However, we know the following may be the cause of kidney failure: High blood pressure; Diabetes; Excessive intake of medications; Some hereditary or congenital diseases; Kidney infections. Symptoms of chronic kidney failure The progression of chronic kidney failure may be very slow. It may even take several years. The first signs may be very mild . Subsequently, progression of the condition may result in the following symptoms: Shortness of breath; Decreased production of urine; Swelling of the face, hands, and feet; Difficulty sleeping; High blood pressure; Nausea and vomiting; Fatigue and feeling cold. Treatment of chronic kidney failure In the early stages, treatment consists of trying to slow the progression of the disease with: Medication; Special diets. However, later another treatment that can replace kidney function more effectively will be necessary. There are four possible treatments: Haemodialysis; Peritoneal dialysis; Kidney transplant; Conservative treatment. This article was written with the support of physicians and other clinical professionals from the Hospital da Luz network. The content published in the Health Guide is intended for the general public and is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis, or personalized clinical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The content is produced or reviewed by physicians and other healthcare professionals at Hospital da Luz and is based on the knowledge available at the time of publication or the most recent update, as indicated at the beginning of each item.
