19 March 2019 What is a colposcopy? A colposcopy is the direct observation of the surface of the cervix, vagina and vulva , using a colposcope. This test complements the screening and diagnosis of cervical cancer . The colposcope is a device that includes a light source and an external binocular lens to make it possible to obtain enlarged images. If the colposcope has a camera attached, the images are transmitted to a monitor and you can watch the scan as it happens. How is a colposcopy performed? Colposcopy is performed with the patient lying on her back, with her legs bent . During colposcopy, liquid solutions are applied to help identify any changes in cells. Occasionally, these substances can cause a slight burning feeling , which is only temporary. During the examination, fragments of tissue (biopsy) can be collected - a procedure that is almost always painless and well tolerated, described as feeling like a quick pinch . In some cases, after certain conditions have been diagnosed, they can be treated with various chemical or physical methods . These treatments include: Topical application of medicinal products; Treatment with electrocautery; Cryocoagulation; Laser treatment. There may be light bleeding in the 3 to 5 days following the examination, accompanied by the elimination of residues from the substances applied. We therefore recommend that a sanitary towel is worn. In what situations is colposcopy carried out? It is always for the doctor to decide whether there is a need for a particular test, depending on the individual characteristics of each patient and their specific complaints or illness . The most common indication for a colposcopy is the suspicion or detection of abnormal cells during the cervical screening test . If they are not treated, these changes can sometimes lead to the development of cervical cancer . Other reasons for performing a colposcopy include: Changes detected during a gynaecological examination (cervix, vaginal or vulva); Spontaneous or contact bleeding; Monitoring due to increased risk of disease in this area. How long does a colposcopy take? Colposcopy takes about 15 minutes on average. However, it may take longer, especially if there is a need for any additional procedures to be carried out. What are the limitations of colposcopy? Colposcopy is a technique that can miss lesions and diagnoses , even when the examination is carried out correctly. In certain cases the examination is considered unsatisfactory. This occurs when the area at greatest risk of disease is not accessible for examination by this method. Are there any side effects, risks or complications associated with colposcopy? The risks associated with carrying out a colposcopy are rare , but they exist, as with any other examination in which medical devices are used. The incidence of these risks varies depending on each individual and may be related to the use of medicinal products or to additional procedures that need to be carried out. These risks include: Bleeding; Infection; Abdominal or pelvic pain; Complications due to pre-existing diseases; Adverse reactions to products being used. At the hospitals and clinics of the Hospital da Luz network, you can find specialists in gynaecology and obstetrics who will carry out any tests that may be necessary. This article was written with the support of physicians and other clinical professionals from the Hospital da Luz network . The content published in the Health Guide is intended for the general public and is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis, or personalized clinical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The content is produced or reviewed by physicians and other healthcare professionals at Hospital da Luz and is based on the knowledge available at the time of publication or the most recent update, as indicated at the beginning of each item.
