16 November 2020 Author : Tiago Silva Conjunctivitis means inflammation of the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is a thin, transparent membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and covers the sclera - the outer white area of the eyeball that is covered by the eyelids. The functions of the conjunctiva are: Protect the eyeball against external aggressions; Lubricate the eye surface. Conjunctivitis is often referred to as “red eye”, as this is its most common symptom. Red eye is due to the dilation of blood vessels when there is inflammation. Symptoms of conjunctivitis In addition to red or pink eye, conjunctivitis may also be accompanied by other symptoms and signs such as: Burning sensation; Itching; Sensation of presence of sand or a foreign body in the eye; Eye discharge; Photosensitivity (greater sensitivity to light); Watering; Edema (swelling) of the eyelids. Causes Conjunctivitis can have several causes : Infectious conjunctivitis or caused by microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, among others), which can be contagious; Allergic: several environmental agents, typically pollens, mites, animal hair, can be allergens. In certain people they promote an inflammatory hyperreactivity that can affect the eyes; Chemical aggressions, toxicity, trauma; Blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids), other inflammatory diseases, diseases of the immune system or dermatological; Side effects of medications. Treatment of conjunctivitis In most cases, when treated timely and correctly conjunctivitis is a benign condition, of quick resolution and low risk for vision. However, in some cases, conjunctivitis can cause significant discomfort. More rarely, it can be complicated if a correct diagnosis and treatment is not made. In most cases of simple conjunctivitis, treatment is topical , with application of drops containing antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, or anti-allergic, depending on the cause. Consult an ophthalmologist Most important is to know that red eye is a possible and common symptom of conjunctivitis, but its presence does not always mean that it is conjunctivitis. Other potentially serious eye diseases that are also associated with red eye are, for example, acute glaucoma, keratitis, and uveitis. Usually these diseases also cause pain and loss of vision, but only an ophthalmologist can safely distinguish the different causes of red eye, define the correct diagnosis, and prescribe the appropriate treatment. If in doubt, be sure to seek medical attention, consult an ophthalmologist . The content published in the Health Guide is intended for the general public and is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis, or personalized clinical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The content is produced or reviewed by physicians and other healthcare professionals at Hospital da Luz and is based on the knowledge available at the time of publication or the most recent update, as indicated at the beginning of each item.
