20 de maio de 2024 Author: João Macedo Contrast-enhanced imaging exams play a crucial role in increasing diagnostic acuity in multiple pathologies. Contrast is used mainly with two techniques: computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition to these, ultrasound can also be complemented with the administration of intravenous contrast, increasing its diagnostic acuity. Contrast ultrasound or CEUS Contrast enhanced ultrasound, known as CEUS, combines the ultrasound technique with the intravenous administration of contrast to achieve better visualization and characterization of vessels and organs. A contrast material based on microbubbles coated with a phospholipid membrane is used, which are small enough to travel through the small vessels and exhaled through the lungs after 5 minutes. Main uses Assessment and characterization of solid and cystic liver, splenic, renal and pancreatic lesions; Evaluate vascular structures; Monitor and evaluate the activity of inflammatory bowel disease; Assess for vesicoureteral reflux. Benefits Given its composition and unlike the contrast products used in CT and MRI, the contrast used in ultrasound has no kidney toxicity, making the CEUS a particularly useful technique in the evaluation, characterization or monitoring of different types of lesions in people with kidney failure, even those undergoing dialysis. It has a practically zero rate of side effects, making it an alternative to consider for people allergic to contrast products used in CT and MRI. Furthermore, ultrasound is a quick and easy access technique, does not use radiation and is cheaper. It is suitable for the pediatric population and young adults and can also be used as an imaging method in the follow-up and interim evaluation of different pathologies, in combination with other techniques, thus reducing exposure to radiation. Limitations and contraindications Limitations of CEUS are almost the same as those of the base image method, including: Low acuity in obese people; Limitation due to gaseous interposition and in deep injuries; When evaluating multiple lesions and in different organs, it may be necessary to resort to multiple administrations of contrast. It has the following contraindications: Severe heart disease; Pregnancy and breastfeeding. In summary Contrast enhanced ultrasound is a technique with a wide range of applications; It is a safe method that can be used in the evaluation, diagnosis, and follow up of several pathologies / medical conditions. It presents advantages compared to other techniques, both in terms of contrast products and the absence of radiation, making it possible to fill some of the gaps associated with these issues. The content published in the Health Guide is intended for the general public and is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis, or personalized clinical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The content is produced or reviewed by physicians and other healthcare professionals at Hospital da Luz and is based on the knowledge available at the time of publication or the most recent update, as indicated at the beginning of each item.
