April 6, 2022 Cerumen , commonly known as earwax, is a mass formed by : Secretion of the sebaceous glands and ceruminous glands of the external ear canal; Skin flaking, hair and dirt particles (such as dust). Earwax has a yellow-brown color, which can vary according to its constitution. Earwax is a normal and desirable secretion from the ears and has several functions: Lubricates the skin; Contributes to the physiological cleaning of the ear canal; Protects the ear from microorganisms, mainly bacteria. There are two types of earwax - dry (light and brittle) and wet (dark and sticky) - a difference that is genetically determined. Earwax removal is done towards the ear and this is where it should be cleaned, when it is clearly visible. Earwax impaction When there is an excessive production of cerumen by the ear canal or when its physiological movement to be eliminated is prevented (for example, when using a cotton swab) impaction and formation of an earwax plug can occur . Some diseases or anatomical variations of the ears can also be related to cerumen impaction. The main symptoms of this impaction are: Decreased hearing capacity; Sensation of ear blockage; Itch. More rarely it may also appear: Ear pain; Feeling of imbalance. When to see an otolaryngologist The medical care of an otolaryngologist should be sought in the following circumstances related to earwax. When instrumental removal of the wax under visual control is necessary; When there are symptoms of earwax impaction and external ear canal blockage; When there are symptoms that suggest an inflammation of the external ear canal; Preventively when the frequency of earwax formation is known in a person. This article was written by the otorhinolaryngology team at Hospital da Luz Lisboa. The content published in the Health Guide is intended for the general public and is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis, or personalized clinical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The content is produced or reviewed by physicians and other healthcare professionals at Hospital da Luz and is based on the knowledge available at the time of publication or the most recent update, as indicated at the beginning of each item.
