10 May 2019 Many headaches, especially mild and sporadic headaches, can be treated effectively with over-the-counter painkillers, which are among the most commonly used medications. For example: Acetylsalicylic acid Paracetamol Ibuprofen. On the other hand, remember that: Painkillers relieve pain but do not eliminate the cause of the headache Their efficacy decreases with prolonged use. Painkillers do not replace recognition and control of factors that can trigger headaches. Risks and side effects Painkillers have potential risks and side effects even when used properly. So, whenever you take a regular medication, even over-the-counter drugs, discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor . Do not take medicines not recommended by your doctor if you are: Pregnant Breastfeeding. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Acetylsalicylic acid and ibuprofen belong to a group of drugs called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These compounds block the formation of prostaglandins, which are substances normally produced by the body and are involved in a number of physiological functions, such as: Protection of the stomach lining; Regulation of blood pressure; Pain; Inflammation. When they block the synthesis of prostaglandins, NSAIDs: Relieve pain and inflammation; Interfere with the protective functions of these substances. For this reason, their possible side effects are: Gastric disorders; Gastrointestinal bleeding. The risk of problems increases with prolonged use of NSAIDs. They should be used with caution in patients who: Have gastric ulcers; Are taking vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants. The following people should not take acetylsalicylic acid: Children; Adolescents; Everyone for whom there is contraindication of this medication. Paracetamol Paracetamol (or acetaminophen) works on the brain pain centres: It has analgesic effects but is not anti-inflammatory (like NSAIDs). It does not block the synthesis of prostaglandins (like NSAIDs do). It does not cause gastrointestinal problems. However, repeated, high doses of paracetamol may cause: Liver damage More rarely, skin rashes and urinary problems. This article was written with the support of physicians and other clinical professionals from the Hospital da Luz network. The content published in the Health Guide is intended for the general public and is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis, or personalized clinical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The content is produced or reviewed by physicians and other healthcare professionals at Hospital da Luz and is based on the knowledge available at the time of publication or the most recent update, as indicated at the beginning of each item.
