31 July 2025 Mastitis is a breast infection that can occur as a result of blocked milk ducts and cracked nipples. It occurs most frequently in women who are breastfeeding. However, mastitis can also occur outside of the breastfeeding period and in men. The following are known risk factors for mastitis: Tobacco; Breast piercings; Eczema of the nipple-areola complex; Breast implants; Diabetes. Mastitis is most often unilateral , that is, it affects one breast and the symptoms appear suddenly. Symptoms of mastitis Common signs and symptoms of mastitis are: Increased breast tension, redness, warmth and pain when touched; Wedge-shaped breast swelling; Whitish or bloody nipple discharge; Flu-like symptoms may also be present, such as chills, tremors, fever and fatigue. Milk may show visible changes in consistency and color, particularly the presence of blood. Care to be taken Continue breastfeeding , as mastitis is not a contraindication to breastfeeding. If a breast abscess occurs, requiring drainage and antibiotic therapy, you should continue breastfeeding on the non-affected breast and promote drainage of the affected breast using pumps or manual expression. An observation by a breastfeeding specialist may be necessary to assess the baby's latch. Apply warm compresses or a warm bath only and immediately before breastfeeding , as this can help with milk flow and correct emptying of the breast. After breastfeeding, cold compresses should be applied to help relieve pain. Rest and increase fluid intake. Use paracetamol and ibuprofen to control pain or fever , provided there are no contraindications. When mastitis occurs, the following should be avoided: Wearing tight clothing; Vigorous pressure/massage to promote drainage of the breast; Taking aspirin; Stopping breastfeeding suddenly; Applying creams or oils. Medical attention should be sought: If symptoms have not improved after 24 hours of home treatment. If there is no improvement after 48 hours of antibiotic treatment (which should always be prescribed by a doctor). In cases of mastitis without breastfeeding, since a more detailed medical investigation is necessary to rule out other problems. Complications of mastitis The most common complication of mastitis is the formation of a breast abscess , which most often requires surgical drainage and antibiotic therapy. With proper treatment, you should feel relief from your symptoms within 24-72 hours, but complete resolution of symptoms may take up to 10-14 days. Author : Cátia Ribeiro (general surgery) Meet the general surgery clinical team from Hospital da Luz network. The content published in the Health Guide is intended for the general public and is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis, or personalized clinical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The content is produced or reviewed by physicians and other healthcare professionals at Hospital da Luz and is based on the knowledge available at the time of publication or the most recent update, as indicated at the beginning of each item.
