March 2, 2022 Peritonsillar abscess is an accumulation of pus near the palatine tonsil, more precisely between palatine tonsil and the pharyngeal muscles. It is considered a complication of tonsillitis and the microorganisms responsible are usually streptococci. An inappropriate antibiotic medication or an insufficient dose to treat tonsillitis may be the cause of this infection. From the onset of symptoms and the onset of the peritonsillar abscess it may take 2-5 days. Symptoms of peritonsillar abscess The following symptoms may be related with a peritonsillar abscess: Severe sore throat that can reach the ear; Difficulty opening the mouth; Change in vocal timbre, with a 'hot potato voice'; Fever; Swallowing difficulties; Breathing difficulties. Diagnosis and treatment The diagnosis of a peritonsillar abscess is made by direct observation of the pharynx , checking for: A bulging area in in the peri-amygdalin region; Hyperemia (redness); Displacement of the uvula to the side opposite to the abscess. Treatment requires drainage of the pus collection, followed by injectable antibiotic treatment , either intramuscular or intravenous, depending on clinical circumstances. Usually, the drainage is performed under local anesthesia. In children or in other age groups when considered relevant by the otolaryngologist, it can also be performed under general anesthesia. Peritonsillar abscess complications Complications of untreated peritonsillar abscesses include: Airway blockage; Bleeding due to involvement of a large vessel; Dehydration due to swallowing difficulty; Pneumonia, meningitis, or sepsis due to spreading of bacteria in the bloodstream. When to see an otolaryngologist The medical care of an otolaryngologist should be sought whenever the symptoms of a tonsillitis worsen despite the treatment prescribed, particularly if there is: Severe sore throat; Difficulty opening the mouth; Change in vocal timbre, with a 'hot potato voice'; Difficulty swallowing or breathing. This article was written by the Hospital da Luz Lisboa otorhinolaryngology team. The content published in the Health Guide is intended for the general public and is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis, or personalized clinical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The content is produced or reviewed by physicians and other healthcare professionals at Hospital da Luz and is based on the knowledge available at the time of publication or the most recent update, as indicated at the beginning of each item.
