17 May 2019 Achalasia is the most common motor disease of the oesophagus , which: Is a rare disease, with an annual incidence of one or two cases per 100,000 inhabitants Affects both sexes It is most common in people between the ages of 20 and 65. It is essentially characterised: By the absence of peristaltic (propulsion) movements in the distal oesophagus The inability to relax (open) the lower oesophageal sphincter due to changes in muscle fibres. These factors interfere with the normal movement of food towards the stomach. Symptoms of achalasia Dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing) is the main symptom of achalasia, and there may also be symptoms that are usually insidious and progressive, such as: Regurgitation Retrosternal pain Vomiting Weight loss. Diagnosis and treatment of achalasia The diagnosis of achalasia is made by: Endoscopy Radiography with contrast Oesophageal manometry. There are several treatment options for achalasia, such as: Medication Endoscope Surgery Surgery Surgery (open or minimally invasive) has so far been the treatment of choice, whenever indicated. It has positive results in about 90% of cases. Peroral endoscopic myotomy The new technique of peroral endoscopic myotomy has achieved results that exceed those of surgical treatment: Its success rate is as much as 95%. There are no surgical scars. It is performed: Under general anaesthetic With a duration of about two hours On inpatients (the average hospitalisation period is two to three days) This article was written with the support of physicians and other clinical professionals from the Hospital da Luz network. The content published in the Health Guide is intended for the general public and is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis, or personalized clinical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The content is produced or reviewed by physicians and other healthcare professionals at Hospital da Luz and is based on the knowledge available at the time of publication or the most recent update, as indicated at the beginning of each item.
