9 June 2020 Author : Ana Calado Restless legs syndrome is defined as an uncomfortable sensation in the legs, arms or both limbs, when sitting or lying down, and with an irresistible urge to move them. It is a chronic disease, which significantly interferes with quality of life. It can occur at any age and usually worsens with advancing age. What causes restless legs syndrome? The cause of this disease is unknown, but a third or more of patients with restless legs syndrome have hereditary factors associated. In these cases, the disease is chronic, and the symptoms may get worse over time. It is suspected that the origin of this syndrome may be related to the imbalance in the brain of a chemical substance called dopamine. Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in controlling movement. Sometimes it is possible to identify secondary causes that are associated with this syndrome, such as: Sedentary lifestyle; Smoking; Alcoholism; Obesity; Some medications, for example diazepam, some antidepressants, antihistamines; Stimulants, such as caffeine or stimulant drugs; Iron deficiency; Anemia; Pregnancy; Severe kidney or liver chronic disease; Diabetes; Other neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, peripheral neuropathy or multiple sclerosis. What are the symptoms? Symptoms of restless legs syndrome include: Vague sensations in the legs or arms, described as burning, pain, tingling or pulling; Irresistible desire to move legs and/or arms; Difficulty in relaxing and sleeping; During sleep, the legs can move spontaneously and uncontrollably, and this may wake the patient; There may be daytime sleepiness and difficulty concentrating. Symptoms appear after some time at rest, often when lying or sitting , are more frequent at night and increase with anxiety. Walking, moving, or stretching the legs can relieve the unpleasant feeling. The diagnosis is made based on the symptoms. Medical tests may be necessary to investigate causes that are associated with this syndrome or to exclude other diagnoses. How is restless legs syndrome treated? This disease has no cure. However, drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease and other medications can help control symptoms. When secondary causes are identified, it is possible that symptoms improve when associated diseases improve or when medications or stimulants that cause or worsen symptoms are stopped. Lifestyle changes may also be necessary . Meet the neurology team from Hospital da Luz network. The content published in the Health Guide is intended for the general public and is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis, or personalized clinical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The content is produced or reviewed by physicians and other healthcare professionals at Hospital da Luz and is based on the knowledge available at the time of publication or the most recent update, as indicated at the beginning of each item.
