13 May 2019 The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the place where the temporal bone (a skull bone) articulates with the mandible (lower jaw). It is a complex joint that allows a number of movements, both vertical (opening and closing the mouth) and horizontal (lateral, forward and back). Temporomandibular joint dysfunction involves alterations that affect this joint and the muscles associated with it. It is most common in women between the ages of 20 and 50. Causes of temporomandibular joint dysfunction TMD dysfunction has several causes, including: Occlusion problems; Injury to the mandible; Joint diseases (e.g. arthritis); Bruxism - clenching and grinding of teeth; Muscle tension; Emotional tension. Symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction The most common symptoms of TMJ dysfunction are: Headache; Cheek pain; Ear pain; Neck pain; Muscle sensitivity; Clicking and blocked joint movements. There may be recurring headaches that do not respond to treatment with ordinary painkillers. Diagnosis of temporomandibular joint dysfunction The diagnosis of TMJ dysfunction is based on: Patient history A physical examination of the patient, which includes assessment of the joint (ability to move, noises during movements) and of the mouth. Depending on the specificities of each case, other tests (e.g. x-ray, CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging) may be necessary. Treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction Treatment of TMJ dysfunction usually involves: Medication Physiotherapy Correction of posture Use of relaxation splints. Surgical treatment is rarer and is reserved for highly specific cases. This article was written with the support of physicians and other clinical professionals from the Hospital da Luz network. The content published in the Health Guide is intended for the general public and is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis, or personalized clinical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The content is produced or reviewed by physicians and other healthcare professionals at Hospital da Luz and is based on the knowledge available at the time of publication or the most recent update, as indicated at the beginning of each item.
