26 de março de 2024 Autor: Lígia Mendes What is an echocardiogram? An echocardiogram is a diagnostic exam that uses ultrasound to obtain moving images of the heart and surrounding blood vessels . The ultrasounds from the machine ( echograph ) are reflected differently by the heart’s structures and create images on a monitor . An echocardiogram is used to study morphological and functional alterations in the heart . There are different types of echocardiogram. The transoesophageal echocardiogram is one of them. What is a transoesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)? A transoesophageal echocardiogram is an exam in which a small probe is inserted into the oesophagus behind the heart. As the transducer is positioned close to the heart and does not suffer interference from structures such as the lungs or chest wall, a transoesophageal echocardiogram has the advantage of allowing to obtain images with greater spatial resolution than transthoracic echocardiogram, as the latter has interposition structures that make image acquisition difficult. How does a transoesophageal echocardiogram work? Before starting the exam and preparing the patient, a nurse carries out a safety questionnaire to confirm that there are no contraindications to carrying out the exam. Transesophageal echocardiography is performed with the patient lying down. A thin ultrasound probe is introduced through the mouth into the esophagus, which emits ultrasounds and captures them when they are reflected by structures, allowing images to be formed in real time by the ultrasound software. In order for the exam to be well tolerated by the patient, in addition to local oropharyngeal anesthesia (a spray), the patient is superficially sedated (with light sedatives intravenously). Sedation does not need hospitalization. Normally, recovery requires a rest period of around 30 minutes, being the patient discharged after reassessment by the nurse. During the 90 minutes after the exam, the patirnt should not eat any type of solid food or liquid. On the day of the exam, patients must be accompanied by a caregiver, and should not drive for 4/6 hours after the exam. When is a transoesophageal echocardiogram performed? It is always for the doctor to decide whether there is a need for a particular test, depending on the individual characteristics of each patient and their specific complaints or illness . As a rule, a transoesophageal echocardiogram is recommended : In the evaluation of posterior heart structures (which, due to the normal position of the heart in the thoracic cavity, are located far from the chest wall and close to the esophagus). Therefore, it is used to view the atria and auricular appendages after stroke to exclude intracardiac thrombus. To assess the anatomy and function of the mitral and aortic valves. To observe proximal ascending aorta artery How long does a transoesophageal echocardiogram take? The duration of a transoesophageal echocardiogram can vary. It usually lasts between 15 and 45 minutes . What are the limitations of a transoesophageal echocardiogram? A transoesophageal echocardiogram can miss lesions and diagnoses , even when the technique is carried out correctly. Are there any side effects, risks or complications associated with a transoesophageal echocardiogram? The effects associated with superficial sedation disappear after administration of the antidote and, if slight drowsiness persists, it resolves within the next few hours. The sensation of irritation in the throat may persist 24 hours after the exam. The risks associated with performing a transesophageal echocardiogram are very rare, but they exist, as with any other exam in which medical devices or medications are used. The risk is anticipated with the questionnaire carried out before the procedure and if there is any suspicion of a potential complication, the exam is cancelled. Very rare serious risks include: Inflammation; Perforation of the oesophagus; Bleeding in the oesophagus. The content published in the Health Guide is intended for the general public and is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis, or personalized clinical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The content is produced or reviewed by physicians and other healthcare professionals at Hospital da Luz and is based on the knowledge available at the time of publication or the most recent update, as indicated at the beginning of each item.
