What are the main measures to prevent influenza? Vaccination The flu vaccine is the main prevention measure and aims to protect the most vulnerable groups from the disease and its complications. Flu vaccination is strongly recommended for : People aged 65 and over; Chronic and immunosuppressed patients (from 6 months); Pregnant women; Health professionals and other care providers. Vaccination begins in October and should preferably be done until the end of the year, although it can be given throughout the fall and winter. Influenza viruses are constantly changing, so immunity transmitted by the vaccine is not lasting. It is therefore necessary to repeat vaccination every year . Other preventive measures Wash your hands thoroughly after attending public places; In times of flu, avoid frequent crowded environments and emergency services, which should only be used when absolutely necessary; A healthy lifestyle and a diet rich in vitamins are also a big help in preventing the flu. What are the symptoms of flu? The most common flu symptoms are: Fever; Cough; Clogged and dripping nose; Burning sensation in the throat; Headaches and body aches; General malaise; Chills of cold. Children may also have other symptoms such as: Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea The symptoms of flu and cold (cold) are similar . However, in influenza, the complaints are more intense: Fever is higher and increases faster; Muscle pains are stronger. How long does the flu last? After infection, the incubation period of influenza varies between 48 and 72 hours . Usually, the flu or a cold passes after five days without any complications. How is the flu treated? Influenza is not caused by bacteria , so antibiotics are not indicated in their treatment. If these are used, it will always be on medical advice and for complicated situations. Fever, headaches, and muscle aches can be controlled with antipyretics , such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. It is very important to rest and drink fluids to prevent dehydration, especially when there is a high fever. Dry cough can be treated with an antitussive (syrup or lozenges) while sputum cough should be treated with an expectorant syrup. More about flu treatment in children The child should be kept at home , as restful as possible and with fever medication (paracetamol) at a dose appropriate for his age. You should give him f luids frequently and put saline in his nose. Aerosols, nasal drops, antihistamine syrups and antiviral medicines should only be used under medical advice . The spaces where sick children are should be carefully ventilated. Children under two may need hospital treatment for serious flu complications such as: Pneumonia; Dehydration; Sinusitis; Otitis. If you have symptoms of flu or cold: Avoid leaving home; Do not sneeze or cough at the hands, do it at the arms, close to the elbows; Use paper tissues; Always wash your hands after coughing, sneezing or blowing. Before going to the hospital contact LUZ 24 (217 104 424(, your GP or call Linha de Saúde 24 (808 24 24 24). The content published in the Health Guide is intended for the general public and is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis, or personalized clinical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The content is produced or reviewed by physicians and other healthcare professionals at Hospital da Luz and is based on the knowledge available at the time of publication or the most recent update, as indicated at the beginning of each item.
